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Understanding Domain Name System (DNS) Records

The Domain Name System (DNS) functions as the directory of the internet. It maps human-friendly host names (such as *google.com*) to machine-readable IP addresses (such as *142.250.190.46*).

When debugging hosting setups, developers frequently inspect their DNS records to ensure their domain points to the correct web server:

• A Record: Maps a domain directly to its hosting server's IPv4 address.
• CNAME (Canonical Name): Points a subdomain (like *www.example.com*) to another domain (like *example.com* or a CDN target).
• MX Record (Mail Exchanger): Identifies the email server responsible for receiving emails for the domain (e.g. Google Workspace, ProtonMail).
• TXT Record: Frequently used for domain verification, SPF email records, and DKIM keys to prevent email spam.